1Mechanical polishing: Mechanical polishing is a polishing method that relies on the cutting and plastic deformation of the surface of the material to remove the polished convex part and obtain a smooth surface. Generally used oilstone, wool wheel, sandpaper, etc., mainly manual operation. For special parts such as the surface of the rotary body, auxiliary tools such as turntables can be used, and ultra-precision polishing methods can be used for high surface quality requirements. Ultra-precision polishing is the use of special grinding tools, in the polishing solution containing abrasive, tightly pressed on the processing surface of the workpiece, for high-speed rotation. The carriage board uses this technology to achieveRa0.008μmThe surface roughness is higher in various polishing methods. Optical lens molds often use this method.

    2Chemical polishing: Chemical polishing is to make the surface microscopic protrusions of the material in the chemical medium dissolve preferentially than the recesses, so as to obtain a smooth surface. The main advantage of this method is that it does not require complicated equipment, can polish workpieces with complex shapes, and can polish multiple workpieces at the same time, with high efficiency. The core problem of chemical polishing is the preparation of polishing liquid. The surface roughness obtained by chemical polishing is generally several tens of microns.

    3The basic principle of electrolytic polishing of the carriage plate is the same as that of chemical polishing, that is, selectively dissolving the tiny protrusions on the surface of the material to make the surface smooth. Compared with chemical polishing, the effect of cathode reaction can be eliminated and the effect is better. The electrochemical polishing process is divided into two steps:(1)Macroscopic leveling dissolution products diffuse into the electrolyte, and the geometric roughness of the material surface decreases,Ra>1μm。  (2)Micro light leveling: anode polarization, improve surface brightness,Ra<1μm.

    4Ultrasonic polishing: the workpiece is placed in the abrasive suspension, together into the ultrasonic field, relying on the oscillation of ultrasonic, so that the abrasive is polished on the surface of the workpiece. Ultrasonic machining macro force is small, will not cause deformation of the workpiece, but the tooling manufacturing and installation is difficult. The ultrasonic treatment may be combined with chemical or electrochemical methods. On the basis of solution corrosion and electrolysis, ultrasonic vibration is applied to stir the solution to separate the dissolved products on the surface of the workpiece, so that the corrosion or electrolyte near the surface is uniform; ultrasonic cavitation in the liquid can also control the corrosion process and promote surface brightness.

    5Fluid polishing: The purpose of fluid polishing is to rinse the surface of the workpiece with high-speed flowing liquid and the abrasive particles it carries, so as to polish the surface of the workpiece. Commonly used methods are: abrasive jet processing, liquid jet processing, fluid power grinding. Fluid power grinding is driven by hydraulic pressure, so that the liquid medium carrying abrasive particles flows back and forth on the surface of the workpiece at high speed. The medium is mainly composed of a special compound with good fluidity under lower pressure and an abrasive. The abrasive may be made of silicon carbide powder.

    6Car plate magnetic grinding and polishing: magnetic grinding and polishing is the use of magnetic abrasive under the action of a magnetic field to form a grinding brush to grind the workpiece. This method has high processing efficiency, good quality, easy control of processing conditions, and good working conditions. Using suitable abrasives, the surface roughness can reachRa0.1μm.