The lightweight of automobile can effectively reduce the weight of automobile, which is one of the main directions to realize automobile energy saving and emission reduction. Automobile lightweight mainly adopts lightweight alternative materials, improves the manufacturing technology of body parts, and optimizes the design of body structure. Mainly from one of the three methods of lightweight alternative materials, through the classification of five alternative materials, a brief analysis of the application trend, then, the following together to understand the types of automotive lightweight materials and future development trends!

The power and power transmission system required for car driving are positively related to the quality of the car. After reducing the quality, the car can exert the same performance with lower traction power; 75% of the fuel consumption in car driving is related to the quality of the whole car, reducing The quality of the car can effectively reduce fuel consumption and emissions. For every 10% drop in quality, fuel consumption decreases by 8% and emissions by 4%. Therefore, from the perspective of the development of the automobile industry and social environmental requirements, it is of great significance to reduce the quality of automobiles and improve fuel economy and environmental performance.

The application of automotive lightweight materials involves body, structural parts and components

1) High-strength steel plates have high tensile strength and yield strength, and are mainly used in important structures of vehicles. Its high tensile strength and high yield strength characteristics can make the steel plate thinner, reduce the weight of the car body, while maintaining performance. In recent years, it is mostly used in automotive structural parts, which can be divided into low-strength steel, high-strength steel and ultra-high-strength steel according to its characteristics. This material is mainly used in important structures of vehicles such as AB pillars, floors, and door sills. For example, BMW has applied high-strength steel to the middle passages, floors, B- pillars, and door anti-collision bars of some models; Cadillac is in some models Advanced high-strength steel is used on key components such as AB column inner panels, underfloor passages, and beams, making the steel lower body structure 6kg heavier than the original aluminum body.

2) Aluminum alloy has excellent corrosion resistance and wear resistance, and is suitable for the transition from the internal part cover to the all-aluminum alloy shell. Low density, high strength and rigidity, good elasticity and impact resistance, coupled with excellent corrosion resistance and wear resistance, it is an ideal material for lightweight automobiles. Magnesium aluminum alloy was applied to automobile engine hood and trunk lid in the early stage, and now it has developed to the application of all-aluminum body. Among them, the application materials used in automobiles are magnesium-aluminum alloy and aluminum composite materials. At present, more than 80% of magnesium-aluminum alloy and aluminum composite materials have been used in foreign countries. Magnesium-aluminum alloys used in automobiles are divided into cast magnesium-aluminum alloys and deformed magnesium-aluminum alloys. The specific subdivision applications are shown in Table 2. At present, more than 60% of the magnesium-aluminum alloy materials for automobiles in the industry are recycled aluminum, and the power consumption of 1t magnesium-aluminum alloy is 95% less than that of 1t.

3) Magnesium alloy has good bending strength and sound insulation performance, and is used in body structural components and parts. Under the condition that the bending rigidity does not change, the replacement of steel with magnesium can be reduced by 61%, and under the condition that the bending strength does not change, the replacement of steel with magnesium can be reduced by 74%. For every 1 kg of magnesium, the service life of cars can be reduced by 30kg. Currently, more than 60 kinds of magnesium alloy parts are developed and used in Europe, and more than 100 kinds of magnesium alloy parts are used in North America from 9.3kg to 20.3kg for bicycles, the use of 5.8kg to 26.3kg of domestic development, the use of magnesium alloy car parts only more than 20 kinds, the overall technical level there is much room for improvement, the current commercial use of the average amount of magnesium bicycle less than 1kg.

4) Sheet molded plastic can be adjusted according to the needs of the parts of the mechanical and corrosion resistance and high temperature performance, suitable for some body, load-bearing structures and high temperature corrosion resistant parts. The commercial application of this material is mainly concentrated in the rear door of the car body, and other applications are mostly in the experimental stage. Renault's tailgate is 10% less than the original steel tailgate, and the injection molding and assembly processes are simple, which greatly reduces production costs.

5) Carbon fiber composite materials for automobiles have high performance but high cost, and are currently mostly used in racing cars and other fields. The material is composed of more than two kinds of materials with different properties, and its comprehensive performance is stronger than the sum of raw material properties, which can meet the requirements of different vehicle parts. Among them, carbon fiber composite material (CFRP) is light in weight and high in strength) steel is 5 times stronger, high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance, and is a very ideal lightweight material for automobiles. The initial manufacturing cost of this kind of material is high, mainly in racing cars and other vehicles have a small number of applications, with the reduction of manufacturing costs gradually penetrated into the private sector.

Automotive lightweight materials is one of the main directions of the development of the automotive industry, which can effectively reduce the weight of the body, and is a direct and effective means to achieve energy saving and emission reduction of automobiles. The quality of automobiles is positively correlated with the decrease of fuel consumption and emissions, and the ratio is 5:4:2; the application of five alternative materials for automobile lightweight involves the body, structural parts and parts. Among them, high-strength steel is the basis of automobile lightweight. Magnesium aluminum alloy is an important material for automobile lightweight at present, and magnesium alloy, sheet mold plastic and composite materials are new materials in this field; in the future, the characteristics of five materials should be combined, establish the optimal configuration of automotive lightweight materials.

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